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The Scots Monastery (in German ''Schottenkirche'', ''Schottenkloster'' or ''Schottenstift'') is the former Benedictine Abbey of St James (''Jakobskirche'') in Regensburg, Germany. It was founded in the 11th century by Irish missionaries and for most of its history was in the hands of first Irish, then Scottish monks. In Middle Latin, ''Scotti'' meant Gaels, not differentiating Ireland from Scotland, so that the term ''Schottenstift'' already dates from the Irish period. The full official name of the actual church, the most prominent building within the abbey complex, is ''Die irische Benediktinerklosterkirche St. Jakob und St. Gertrud'' (literally: "The Irish Benedictine Abbey Church of St. James and St. Gertrude").〔R. Strobel, "St. Jakob zu Regensburg. Architektur und Geschichte," in Paulus, ''Romanik'', p. 147.〕 ==Architecture== The abbey was originally built to the south of the city walls around the year 1070, but this soon proved to be too small to accommodate the influx of Irish monks. A new site outside of the western city gate was purchased, and construction of a new abbey began around 1100.〔Strobel, ''Schottenkirche'', pp. 2-4.〕 Around 1300 the city walls were extended and St. James became a part of the fortified city.〔Gaisberg, ''Schottenportal'', p. 14.〕 The new western gate became known as the ''Jakobstor''. This Church of St. James, a three-aisled basilica with three apses and two east towers, was dedicated in 1120. Only the east end survives of this early building. The monastic church was expanded beginning around 1150, under Abbot Gregor. This second church, which stands today, was given a two-story transept or westwerk at the west end, an elaborate north portal, and a cloister to the south. Construction was completed by about 1185. Regensburg became an important center for the missionary work of Irish monks in Europe; the Scots Monastery in Vienna is one of its daughter foundations. The St. Jakob monastery had close connections with the monastic school at Cashel back in Ireland and attracted the theologian Honorius of Autun (d.1151) towards the end of his life. In 1577, shortly after the Scottish Reformation, a papal bull transferred the monastery from Irish to Scottish monks. The monastery was in decline by that time, with only one monk and one novice. The first Scottish abbot was Ninian Winzet (1518–92), an opponent of the reformer John Knox. Mary Queen of Scots ordered Abbot Winzet to train priests for Catholic missionary work in Scotland; the first priests were sent long after his death in 1623. The monastery managed to avoid dissolution during the Napoleonic period, a rare accomplishment. It was demoted to a priory in 1820, but monks remained in residence until 1862, when the Bavarian government bought the property and turned it into a seminary for training Catholic priests. The abbey complex consisted of a number of buildings. The two most significant structures, the church and the cloister, both survive. The cloister is however significantly altered, having been destroyed by fires in 1278 and 1546, and rebuilt between 1866 and 1872.〔Strobel, ''Schottenkirche'', pp. 7-8.〕 The entire complex was originally surrounded by a wall, which separated a cemetery to the north of the church from the street that led westwards out of the city.〔Gaisberg, ''Schottenportal'', p. 148.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scots Monastery, Regensburg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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